Gary Null
See book keywords and concepts |  In addition to naturally occurring phytochemicals, scientists are developing what they call functional foods, which consist of any food or food ingredient providing health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients it contains. |
Robert Hass, M.S.
See book keywords and concepts |  Phytofood Products That Fight Breast and Ovarian Cancer
The following formula foods (also known as functional foods or biodesigned foods) contain anticancer phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, and nonvitamin nutrients now being tested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other health research organizations. These formula foods are sold nationwide in health-food stores and some pharmacies and supermarkets. Appendix IV (pages 365-68) contains the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of product manufacturers.
Have one serving of any one of the following products each day. | | It also includes the latest phytonutrient "functional foods," based on the same concentrated phytonutrients now being tested by the NCI's Diet and Cancer Branch. That's why I believe the Permanent Remissions Plan is the world's healthiest diet.
PROMISING CAROTENOID RESEARCH
Seven major studies of carotenoid intake and cancer have established that carotenoid-rich foods are associated with reduced risk of cancer in the prostate, pancreas, lung, breast, cervix, mouth, stomach, pharynx, and bladder. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  These nutritionally fortified products are called functional foods, and they are likely to be the foods of the future, for better or for worse. Isolating specific health-enhancing compounds in whole foods, then transferring them to other foods, either by dumping them as additives into processed foods or by genetically altering wholesome foods, is the latest passion of researchers and industry. This is where the graying of the line between foods and medicine is most pronounced. It's also the most controversial trend. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts |  Psyllium Husk Similar issues of science as opposed to commercial pressures apply to functional foods supplemented with psyllium husk, the dried seed coat of the stemless annual herb Plantago ovata. Psyllium is grown in India, where it is commonly used as a household remedy for constipation, and it is the active ingredient in over-the-counter laxatives such as Metamucil. Its bulking action in part explains its ability to cause cholesterol to be excreted rather than absorbed from the intestine. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts |  DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
At present, phytostanols, in the form of fatty acid esters, are available in some functional foods, including margarines, spreads and salad dressing. Phytostanols and phytostanol esters are being developed as nutritional supplements in capsule form.
A few studies indicate a dose of 2 grams of phytostanols daily to be optimal. Doses used are 1.5 to 4.5 grams daily. Capsules, when available, should be taken with meals.
LITERATURE
Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Cholesterol reduction by different plant stand mixtures and with variable fat intake. Metabolism. |
Ruth Winter
See book keywords and concepts |  See also functional foods. NUTRASWEET • See Aspartame.
NUTRIENT CONTENT CLAIM • Descriptor. A claim on a food product that directly or by implication characterizes the level of a nutrient in the food such as "low fat" or "high in oat bran." Nutrient content claims are also known as descriptors. NYSTATIN • Mycostatin. Nadostine. Nilstat. Nystex. O-V Statin. Yellow to light tan powder with a cereal-like odor, it is used in animal feed for poultry and pigs. FDA requires zero residue in eggs, swine, and poultry. Antifungal medication introduced in 1954. | | All are highly toxic and should be applied only by experts in their use. functional foods • Foods that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
FUNGAFLOR • Imazalil. Fungicide used in animal feed. Poison by ingestion and causes adverse reproductive effects in experimental animals.
FUNGAL PECTINASE • There is reported use of the chemical; it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature. See Pectins.
FUNGI • A group of simple plantlike organisms that don't have the green coloring known as chlorophyll. Fungi include mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, molds, and smuts. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts | | From this selection of examples, it should be evident that functional foods are more about marketing than health. By adding functional ingredients to foods, marketers are attempting to transform "junk" foods into health foods or to give foods already classified at the base of the Pyramid a bit more of an edge. Despite weak or ambiguous evidence for significant health benefits from functional ingredients, the public will buy foods perceived as healthier—provided that they taste good and are reasonably priced. | | But no functional foods can ever replace the full range of nutrients and phytochemicals present in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, nor can they overcome the detrimental effects of diets that are not already healthful. Although it makes sense to foster the development, marketing, and consumption of products that really do provide health benefits, it makes no sense whatsoever to flood the market with "exaggerated claims and products of dubious benefit. | | Photo by Enrique Caballo, 2001) designer foods, functional foods, nutraceuticals, or—as I like to call them—techno-foods) as an unparalleled opportunity to achieve growth rates for food products as impressive as those for supplements. The new food products included not only the familiar vitamin-enriched breakfast cereals but also such innovations as tortilla chips supplemented with St. John's Wort and calcium-supplemented chocolates. The only conceivable explanation for development of such products was to present them as dietary supplements so that they could be marketed using health claims. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
See book keywords and concepts |  Antioxidants, nutraceuticals and functional foods. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients Oct 1996: 34-35 [review].
13. Hertog MGL, Feskens EJM, Hollman PCH, et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1007-11.
14. Hertog MGL, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven Countries Study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 381-86.
15. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A, Maatela J. Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts | | Sponsors of nutrition journals include such companies as Coca-Cola, Gerber, Nestle/Carnation, Monsanto, Procter & Gamble, Roche Vitamins, Slim-Fast Foods, and the Sugar Association, as well as others that make baby food or formula, vitamin supplements, functional foods, diet products, sugar-sweetened breakfast cereals, and genetically modified crops—virtually all of them products with nutritional attributes considered controversial and currently under debate. |
J. Robert Hatherill
See book keywords and concepts |  Reducing the risk of cancer. In: functional foods. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold (1994), 39-70.
Stavric, B. Role of chemopreventers in human diet. Clin Biochem (1994) 27:319-332.
Waterhouse, A. L., et al. Antioxidants in chocolate. Lancet (1996) 348:834.
Watkins, T. R. Wine: Nutritional and Therapeutic Benefits. ACS Symposium Series 661, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1997.
Chapter 6
Caragay, A. B. Cancer-preventive foods and ingredients. Food Technology (1992) 4665-68.
Crowell, P. L. and M. N. Gould. Chemoprevention and therapy of cancer by d-limonene. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts | | These functional foods are in the form of margarines, spreads and salad dressings. In the case of most of these products, phytosterols are found esterified with long-chain fatty acids. These phytosterols are derived from soybean oil and are mainly beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol.
Phytosterols are also known as plant sterols and, owing to their large sitosterol content, are sometimes called sitosterol. Phytosterols are virtually insoluble in aqueous media and are poorly soluble in lipid media. |
Larry Trivieri, Jr.
See book keywords and concepts |  For the majority of the Chinese population, folk remedies employing functional foods is the first step to correcting their mind/body imbalances," Dr. Ni says. "Often, a competent practitioner of TCM will recommend a specific diet to the patient based on specific medical needs. In my own clinical practice, I would say most patients experience up to 50% relief of their medical problems just by making dietary changes alone."
Individual foods may also be part of the protocol. "What we do is learn about the healing properties of each food," says Dr. Ni. "For example, ginger is warming and pungent. |
Gary Null, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  In addition to naturally occurring phytochemicals, scientists are developing what they call functional foods, which consist of any food or food ingredient providing health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients it contains.
Phytochemicals and functional food components have been associated with the prevention and/or treatment of at least three of the leading causes of death in this country—cancer, diabetes, and heart disease—and with the prevention and/or treatment of other medical ailments, including neural tube defects, osteoporosis, abnormal bowel function, and arthritis. Dr. J. F. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts | | TOS are marketed in Japan and Europe as dietary supplements and are used in functional foods. They are being developed for similar use in the United States. (See Transgalacto-Oligosaccharides).
XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Xylo-oligosaccharides are comprised of oligosaccharides containing beta (1^4) linked xylose residues. The degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides is from two to four. Xylo-oligosaccharides are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharide xylan. They are marketed in Japan as prebiotics and are being developed for similar use in the United States. | | Infant formulas containing DHA are available in Europe and Japan, but not yet approved in the U.S. functional foods high in DHA, such as eggs, are now available.
Recommended DHA products should contain antioxidants, such as tocopherol, to protect against their oxidation.
Usual doses consumed by pregnant and nursing women are 100 to 200 milligrams daily. Doses of DHA for hypertrigly-ceridemics range from 1 to 4 grams. The dose needs to be determined by optimization of triglyceride levels. | | Recently, functional foods, containing phytostanols esterified with fatty acids, have entered the marketplace in the form of margarines, spreads and salad dressings. In the case of most of these products, the esterified phytostanols are derived from tall oil from the Pinaceae family. Tall oil is a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
See book keywords and concepts | | Antioxidants, nutraceuticals and functional foods. Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients 1996; Oct: 34-35 [review].
20. Hertog MGL, Feskens EJM, Hollman PCH, et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1007-11.
21. Hertog MGL, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven Countries Study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 381-86.
22. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A, Maatela J. Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study. |
Earl Mindell and Hester Mundis
See book keywords and concepts |  In fact, it has urged the FDA to halt the sale of dozens of these functional foods that contain ingredients not considered by the agency to be safe and because of false claims about the products.
Among the products named for their "Hall of Shame":
?Snapple's "Moon" Tea Drink, which contains kava kava. It claims to "enlighten your senses." Unfortunately, kava kava has been a factor in several arrests for driving while intoxicated. Kava kava is also used in Apple & Eve's Tribal Tonics' "Relaxation Cocktail" and Hansen's "d-stress" sparkling drink. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts | | THE REGULATORY QUAGMIRE
Soon after the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) of 1990 forced the FDA to consider authorizing certain health claims that companies could put on food labels for marketing purposes, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) initiated a new $20 million research program to develop "designer foods" enriched in cancer-fighting phytochemicals— substances such as lycopenes, indoles, flavonoids, and sterols—that are typically found in food plants, but in minute amounts. |
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